GLOSSARY

Aftercare The management and treatment of restored mineral workings and landfill sites with the object of ensuring that the planned after-use is established as successfully as possible.

Agenda 21 An international action plan aiming to tackle social, economic and environmental problems which came from the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. A key recommendation is that local authorities should develop their own Agenda 21 programmes.

Aggregates Sand, gravel crushed rock and other bulk materials used in the construction industry for purposes such as the making of concrete, mortar, asphalt for roadstone, drainage or bulk filling materials.

Agricultural Land Classification A classification undertaken by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries to indicate the quality of agricultural land. The classification ranges from `excellent' to `very poor' over five grades. It concentrates on the inherent physical attributes of land and not its current management. Grades 1, 2 and 3a represent the best and most versatile land.

Agri-Industry Those industries servicing the agricultural industry, including storage silos, processing plant and similar facilities for adding value to and marketing a wide range of produce coming from a number of different farms, which require a rural location for practical and economic reasons.

Anaerobic Digestion A resource recovery process in which organic waste is digested anerobically (in the absence of air) to produce compost and biogas which can be used as a fuel.

Ancient Landscape An area of countryside that contains a number or group of important archaeological sites and monuments, historic features or structures.

Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland Woodland considered to have existed since at least the beginning of the seventeenth century which although modified by man, supports species which are dependent on the long history of the woodland.

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Identified and designated by the Countryside Agency (previously the Countryside Commission) under Sections 87 and 88 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949.

Biodiversity Nature conservation term used to refer to the diversity or richness of species and habitats.

Biomass Plant matter, either in the form of intensively grown crops or forest residues, which are processed and used as fuel in a wood-burning power station.

Campus Transport Strategy A framework for implementing a range of measures intended to reduce car-use and promote alternative forms of travel.

Chord A length of railway which links other converging routes and allows train movements which would not otherwise be possible without reversal.

Commitments Outstanding planning permissions or local plan allocations for development.

Conservation Areas An area designated by the local planning authority as being of special architectural or historic interest. Within a conservation area there are strengthened controls over demolition, minor development and the protection of trees. Local planning authorities have the duty to preserve and enhance conservation areas.

Designed Landscape A park or garden in which an ornamental environment is created, often to a design.

Development Plans Statutory documents which set out local planning authorities' policies and proposals for the development and use of land within their area. Development decisions must be in accordance with the Development Plan, unless material considerations indicate otherwise. (See Structure Plan and Local Plan).

Distributor Road A road which distributes traffic within an area and forms the link between more major roads and local roads.

District centres Groups of shops, distinct from a town centre, usually containing at least one food supermarket or superstore and non-retail services such as banks, building societies and restaurants.

DETR Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions

Dwelling Any type of living accommodation including house, bungalow, flat, maisonette, annex etc. however provided (new build, conversion, sub-division or change of use) apart from for institutional use.

Economically Active Persons aged 16 years and over either in employment (whether as employees, self employed, on Government work-related employment and training programmes) or unemployed.

Edge-Of-Centre A location within easy walking distance of a centre (approximately 400 metres), providing parking facilities that serve the centre as well as the particular site, thus enabling one trip to serve several purposes.

Environment Agency The government agency responsible for the management of the environment. The agency has combined the responsibilities of the now defunct National Rivers Authority, Pollution Inspectorate and local waste regulation authorities.

Environmental Appraisal A process which examines policies in Development Plans so that their environmental effects can be ascertained and taken into account in a comprehensive and consistent manner.

Factory Outlet Centre A shopping centre, usually located out-of-centre, specialising in selling seconds and end-of-line goods at discounted prices.

Farm Diversification Alternative on-farm business enterprises designed to augment farm income to help maintain the agricultural holding.

Fossil Fuels Carbon-based fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas.

Green Belt An area designated in Development Plans which is protected by planning policy against inappropriate development in order to:

· keep in check unrestricted urban sprawl;

· safeguard countryside from urban encroachment;

· prevent towns merging;

· preserve the special character of historic towns, and

· assist urban regeneration.

Greenfield Land/ Sites Land or sites which have not been previously developed.

Higher-Order Services/Facilities Services or facilities, such as theatres, hospitals, higher-education establishments and legal, financial and professional services, which are usually located within larger towns and cities and not normally used by individuals on a day-to-day basis.

Hydrological Relating to the quality and movement of water within an area, including tides, currents and waves and the associated movement of sediment.

Infilling Development that is located on sites situated between existing uses and buildings within a built-up area.

Integrated Transport Strategy An approach co-ordinating land-use and transportation planning. Such strategies identify the transportation requirements for an area taking into account its economic, environmental and social needs. The package of proposals developed from strategies include public transport, walking, cycling, traffic management and highway improvements.

Integrated Waste Management A strategy for the management of waste involving a range of environmentally-sound systems and processes, including the promotion of waste minimisation, materials recycling, resource recovery and landfilling.

Landfilling The disposal of waste by its permanent deposition in or on the ground, involving either the filling of man-made voids or the construction of features above ground level (often referred to as land raising).

Landscape Assessment A broad term encompassing several techniques of describing, analysing, classifying and evaluating the landscape.

Landscape Character A distinct pattern or combination of elements occurring consistently in a particular landscape

Listed Building A building officially listed as being of special architectural or historic interest as defined in the Planning (Listed Building and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.

Local Centres Groups of shops and services in smaller towns providing a limited range of facilities and serving a local catchment area.

Local Plan A land-use plan for a local area (normally a district) or specific topic (particularly minerals and waste). Local area local plans are prepared and adopted by a local planning authority in accordance with Structure Plan policies. Minerals and waste local plans are prepared and adopted by the strategic planning authorities. It sets out detailed policies to guide development, including proposals for specific sites.

Local Transport Plan Local transport plans replace the previous annual Transport Policies and Programmes and represent a new mechamism for drawing up transport strategies which cover all modes of transport.

Major Development Areas (MDAs) Areas identified in the Hampshire County Structure Plan (Review) for large-scale, mixed-use development.

Minerals Planning Guidance (MPG) Guidance relating to minerals planning issued in England by the Department of the Environment, Transport and Planning.

Modal Split The proportion of trips by different types of transport, e.g. walking, cycling, bus, train and car.

Monitoring The collection of data on a regular basis designed to determine how well the policies of the Development Plan are being implemented.

National Nature Reserves (NNRs) Statutory reserves established under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. These areas are primarily used for nature conservation. They are owned or leased by English Nature or are managed in accordance with Nature Reserve Agreements with landowners and occupiers. All NNRs are Sites of Special Scientific Interest.

New Forest Heritage Area The area within the boundary confirmed through the local plan process as being afforded a status equivalent to that of a national park for planning purposes. The Countryside Agency will be publishing a draft boundary for consultation purposes of the proposed New Forest National Park in autumn 2000.

Out-of centre A location that is clearly separate from a town centre but not necessarily outside the urban area.

Out-of-town An out-of-centre development on a greenfield site, or land not clearly within the current urban boundary

Park-and-Ride A service which provides parking facilities at peripheral locations and transport, generally bus or rail based, to a town centre or other attraction.

Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) Notes A series of notes on different planning issues, such as housing (PPG3), shopping (PPG6) and the countryside (PPG7), setting out the Government's policy guidance. In England PPGs are issued by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions.

Ramsar Sites Areas designated under the Ramsar Convention to protect wetlands of international importance, particularly as waterfowl habitats. All Ramsar Sites are SSSIs.

Regional Planning Guidance (RPG) Guidance issued by Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport and the Regions which sets out broad strategic policies for land-use and development where there are issues which, though not of national scope, apply across regions or parts of regions and need to be considered on a scale wider than than the area of a single authority. (Regional Planning Guidance for the South East, which includes Hampshire, was published in March 1994. The draft Revised RPG for the South East was published for consultation by the DETR in March 2000).

Renewable Energy Energy obtained from sources which are generated naturally, for example from the sun, wind, tides or waves, and will not be depleted.

Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) Archaeological sites and monuments considered to be of national importance by Secretary of State for the National Heritage.

SERPLAN The London and South East Regional Planning Conference. A representative organisation of all local authorities in South East England which considers regionally important land use and transportation matters and provides advice to the Government accordingly. SERPLAN's role will be replaced by SEERA (the South East England Regional Assembly) for the Government Office for the South East area (which includes Hampshire) in April 2001.

South East England Regional Assembly (SEERA) This is the regional chamber for the South East and represents the South East's interests both in Westminster and Brussels. It will take over responsibility for regionally important land use and transportation matters from SERPLAN in April 2001.

Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) Contains information on all known archaeological sites (both on land and under water) in Hampshire. It is maintained by the County Council.

Sites of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINCs) Sites within Hampshire that are of particular importance for nature conservation, containing habitats or features which are effectively irreplaceable (excluding statutorily designated sites). Criteria for identifying these sites have jointly been adopted by Hampshire County Council, English Nature and the Hampshire Wildlife Trust.

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) Areas notified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, by English Nature. They are biological or geological sites considered to be of national or international importance for nature conservation. Consultation and some form of agreement with the national statutory conservation agency is mandatory before any listed, potentially damaging development, change in land use etc., can be carried out.

Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) Designated under the European Union Habitats Directive as part of a Community-wide network called Natura 2000. They are areas of habitat of European importance including habitats of specific threatened species listed in Annexes of the Directive. SACs are automatically part of the Natura 2000 network.

Special Protection Areas (SPAs) Designated under the European Union Council Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds which requires member states to safeguard the habitats of migrating birds and certain threatened birds. All are SSSIs.

Structure Plans Development Plans produced by county councils, some unitary authorities and National Park authorities (in many cases on a joint basis) which set out key, strategic policies and provide a framework for local plans.

Telecommunications Communications using either electrical or optical, wire and cable and radio signals. Telecommunications infrastructure includes masts, antennas, cable networks, relay stations etc.

Tonnes A metric unit of weight equivalent to 0.984 imperial tons (1 ton = 1.016 tonnes).

Town Centres City, town and traditional suburban centres which provide a broad range of facilities and services and which fulfil a function as a focus for both the community and for public transport.

Town cramming A term that is used to describe development in urban areas of a density which is considered inappropriately high, possibly due to losses in environmental, cultural and social resources, particularly open space.

Track-Based Public Transport System A system integrated with other modes which uses a fixed track, such as a guided busway (a specially constructed route for buses fitted with guidance equipment), guided light transit (bus-type vehicles using a guidance rail) or light rail (tram). The system is generally segregated from other traffic and provides a rapid route which is capable of carrying large numbers of passengers.

Traffic and Travel Information Systems A range of information made possible by technology including constantly updated information (such as bus stop displays with the time of the next bus), variable message signs for car parking availability, journey planning computer applications and in-car traffic information. These systems enable informed travel decisions to be made before and during a journey.

Transport Telematics A group of services utilising information technology and telecommunications, to improve transportation from the points of view of safety, efficiency, comfort and environment.

Travel Demand A function of the number of journeys undertaken and their length, generally related to the location of goods and services.

Trip generation Journeys which are made which would not have been made without development, for example, new residential or industrial areas, retail or leisure facilities.

Urban Regeneration The process of development and redevelopment in urban areas to attract investment and activity, foster revitalisation and improve the mix of uses.

Urban Fringe A transitional area surrounding some urban areas where land-use conflicts and environmental problems often arise. Urban fringe (which is not a designation) requires a positive approach to planning and management.

Urban Living Initiative Hampshire County Council corporate initiative which seeks to improve the quality of life, economic vitality and social well-being of Hampshire's urban areas by making them attractive and desirable places to live, work and spend leisure time.

Urban Traffic Control Co-ordinated computer linked traffic signal systems.

Use-Classes Order Use classes are defined by the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987. In general terms, activities within the same class may change without requiring planning permission, (e.g. from office to light industrial use) whereas activities changing from one class to another (e.g. from residential to office use) usually need permission.

Villages Centres Catering for the essential, day to day shopping requirements of rural areas

Waste Any substance which constitutes a scrap material or an effluent arising from the application of any process, and any substance or article which requires to be disposed of as being broken, worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled.

Inert waste - waste that does not normally undergo any significant physical, chemical or biological changes when deposited at a landfill site.

Hazardous waste - a general term encompassing difficult and special wastes which may give rise to particular pollution risks or nuisance and may require special management for disposal.

Whole Farm Plans Plans which, in whole or in part, address the economic, environmental and social resources over which a land owner/occupier has some control and which set out the objectives for the use and management of land and buildings.

Windfall Sites A site which unexpectedly becomes available for development or re-development over the plan period of a Development Plan, which had not been identified within a local plan, but where planning permission has been granted.